Selasa, 25 September 2012

PERAN PEPTIDA-YY DALAM PENGATURAN ASUPAN MAKANAN PADA PENDERITA OBESITAS


RIVIEW ILMIAH POPULER

Vol. 1, No.1, April 2009. Hal : 65-73
Christina Olly Lada
Staf Dosen Jurusan Gizi Kesehatan Masyarakat
Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Undana

 
Jumlah penderita obesitas  terutama di kota besar semakin meningkat. Pada suatu studi observasional telah diketahui bahwa obesitas merupakan faktor risiko mayor untuk beberapa penyakit degeneratif, seperti penyakit jantung koroner, diabetes melitus tipe II, hipertensi, stroke kanker payudara, endometrium, prostate serta kolon (Must dan McKeown, 2006). Oleh karena itu, maka perlu dilakukan pencegahan dan penanganan sedini mungkin terhadap penderita obes.
Penyebab obesitas adalah multifaktorial. Beberapa dekade ini telah dilakukan berbagai macam penelitian tentang penyebab obesitas, dan hasil dari penelitian-penelitian tersebut ditemukan senyawa-senyawa baru yang terlibat dalam pengaturan metabolisme dan asupan energi pada penderita obesitas.  Salah satu senyawa penting yang berperan dalam pengaturan asupan makanan adalah peptida YY (PYY). PYY merupakan senyawa yang tersusun dari 36 asam amino, diproduksi di ileum dan kolon serta mempunyai fungsi menekan nafsu makan jangka pendek karena efeknya bertahan hingga 12 jam (Stanley dkk, 2003; Essah dkk, 2007).
Penelitian Batterham dkk (2003) menemukan bahwa kadar PYY darah pada subyek obes setelah makan lebih rendah dari kadar PYY darah subyek normal (Essah dkk, 2007). Sehingga rasa lapar pada penderita obes lebih cepat timbul dibandingkan dengan orang normal. Mekamisme pengaturan keseimbangan energi adalah mekanisme yang rumit, melibatkan banyak senyawa dan tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, walaupun demikian dalam makalah   ini   hanya   dibahas     satu senyawa yaitu PYY, karena PYY mempunyai efek jangka pendek yang langsung terlihat. Sampai saat ini belum ada kesepakatan bersama mengenai efektifitas PYY eksogen dalam mengatur asupan makanan jangka pendek, namun beberapa industri telah memproduksi preparat ini, yang penggunaannya bertujuan untuk menekan nafsu makan jangka pendek, sedangkan penelitian tentang dosis aman, efek samping penggunaan PYY eksogen belum banyak dilakukan.

Vol. 1, No.1, April 2009. Hal : 55-66


POLA KONSUMSI, KANDUNGAN dan KONTRIBUSI IODIUM

PANGAN IKANI PADA MASYARAKAT NELAYAN DI DAERAH ENDEMIK GAKI 


Intje Picauly
Jurusan Gizi Kesehatan Masyarakat
Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Nusa Cendana.

ABSTRACT
Generally this research aims to know the consumption pattern and food processing habits of pregnant mother in endemic area of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). For the purpose of the study, 57 pregnant women of the second trimester were selected randomly in Saparua Sub-district, Cental Maluku. Consumption pattern data and food processing habits were gathered by structured interview using  & x 24 hours Food Recall Method sequently. The concentration of iodine in other consumed foodstuff were analyzed at Research Center and Food Development and Nutrition laboratory in Bogor.
The results of the research show that the types of food that are consumed by the pregnant mother are divided into two groups those are goiterogenic food and non-goiterogenic food group. Goiterogenic food consumption (704.5± 158.2 gr/cap/day) is higher than non-goiterogenic food consumption (427±101.7 gr/cap/day). The average of food consumption is two times a day. The type of salt that is consumed generally by the pregnant mother is evaporated salt. Evaporated salt is consumed more than three times a day with average consumption is 19.2 gram/cap/day.
The concentration of iodine in raw material food is higher than processed food. Fresh Katsuwonus pellamis has the highest iodine concentration (94.6 mcg/100 gr BP) in food group while, bananas is the lowest (16.6 mcg/100 gr BP). For the processed food group, the leaves of Gnetum gnemon has the highest iodine concentration on the other hand boiled banana is the lowest. There are several ways the food is processed, those are boiling, sautéing, frying, boling plus frying, and grilling/fumigation. Frying, boiling plus frying, and grilling/fumigation are the ways of food is processed that   brings about the most lost of iodine concentration in food (54-74%).

Key word : Consumption Pattern, Food Processing Habits, Iodine Status in Endemic Area

Vol.1, No. 1, April 2009. Hal :45-53


GAMBARAN MOTIVASI KADER DALAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN
DI POS PELAYANAN TERPADU (POSYANDU) PADA
WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS EBAN   KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH UTARA 

Muntasir, Masrida Sinaga, Gregorius Nesi, dan Engelina Nabuasa
Staf Dosen Jurusan Administrasi dan Kebijakan Kesehatan
Staf Dosen Jurusan Pendidikan Kesehatan dan Ilmu Perilaku
Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat,  Undana


ABSTRACT

Have been done research of study of motivationg of  cadre in service of health in an integrated service post (posyandu) at region work Puskesmas Eban Distric of Timor Middle North (TTU) Year 2007. Target of this research is to 1) Knowing cadre characteristic cover age, education, work, marriage status, amount of balita ; 2 ) Knowing cadre motivational level in posyandu 3) Knowing level requirement of theoritical cadre of requirement according to Abraham Maslow. This Research represent research of deskriftif with device of cross study sectional. Population is all inwrought service post cadre ( posyandu) which have served more than 1 year. Technique intake of sampel pursuant to technique of sampel area. Result of research indicate that : Pursuant to most active age faction also there are at age faction (75%). Cadre with level education of finish of SLTP have level livelines of superordinate (27,58%) Cadre with work as merchant and entrepreneur have level livelines of superordinate (100%). Cadre with status marry its higher livelines level ( 73,80%), Cadre having two child of balita mount its higher livelines ( 100%), compared to cadre which don't have child of balita ( 62,5%). Cadre owning high motivational level more active (100%), Requirement of cadre of posyandu very do not fufilled requirement of physiology (100%). While for mean from is fifth of requirement, can know that most dominant is requirement of cadre less fufilled ( 87,93%). Suggested to taker of policy to support their motivation by giving competent incentive.

Key Word : Motivation, Cadre, An Integrated post Service,  community Health Centre of Eban, TTU

Vol.1, No.1, April 2009. Hal :37-45


FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEAKTIFAN KADER DALAM PELAKSANAAN KEGIATAN POSYANDU DI KELURAHAN SIKUMANA

Dominirsep Ovidius Dodo
Staf Pengajar Jurusan Administrasi dan Kebijakan Kesehatan
Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Undana


ABSTRACT

Integrated Health Post is a real kind of community participation in health service in accordance by fused that organized from community to themselves and supported by provider. Cadre is a key factor in continuity implementation of Integrated Health Post program because their activity is very influence the quality and completeness of Integrated Health Post service. Because of that, needed efforts of perpetuation for Integrated Health Post service by increase the role of cadre. Generally, the factors that influence activity of cadre in the implementation of Integrated Health Post program has divided for two factors, those is internal factor and external factor. Internal factors are motivation, age, knowledge level, education level, skill level and state of work, whereas external factors are behavior of provider and compensation.
 This research aimed to know the factors that correlating to activity of cadre in the implementation of Integrated Health Post program at Sikumana Village, Maulafa District, Kupang City. The kind of this research is observational analytic by using cross sectional design. Population of research is all of cadres in Sikumana. The numbers of population are 60 peoples. Sample in this research is total population. The data has been analyzed by bivarate analysis by using chi square test.
Result of this research shows that there are correlation between motivation (p=0,013<0,05), knowledge level (p=0,02<0,05), and skill level (p=0,035<0,05) to activity of cadre. Whereas, age (p=0,461<0,05), education level (p=0,340>0,05), state of work (p=0,814>0,05) and behavior of provider (p=0,840>0,05) are not relating to activity of cadre. For related instance is suggested to active the community empowerment family program to increase the community participation and cadre together in the implementation of Integrated Health Post program. For Primary Health Center in other to make technical cultivation to increase the knowledge and skill of cadre and for their have to active and responsive in the implementation of Integrated Health Post program and others program as training and refreshing that organized by Primary Health Center and related instance so the quality and completeness of Integrated Health Post service can be improve.

Key words             : Activity, Cadre, Integrated Health Post.